PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.